Researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers are increasingly recognising the relevance and importance of ‘refugee-led initiatives’ (RLIs): organisations, community groups, or other undertakings that are led by refugees themselves. The growing interest in RLIs and recognition of their value is new, but as this report illustrates, RLIs are not. In Thailand, for example, refugee-led Camp Committees, which in some cases have existed as early as the 1970s when large-scale displacement began, play a lead role in governance, coordination, and service delivery for more than 107,000 residents across nine Thai-Myanmar border refugee camps.1 The work of these Camp Committees serves as a model for refugee self-governance. Outside of the camps, RLIs have also been established to support urban refugees in Bangkok, but the contrast is stark. Only one RLI was identified. Its work is impressive, but it lacks adequate support and no other RLI appeared to be functioning at the time the research was conducted between 2022-2024. This research has been completed against the backdrop of massive international funding cuts and sudden policy shifts away from humanitarian aid by the international community of States. This report was completed just in time to document the incredible work and impact of refugee-led initiatives to date. Nevertheless, things are changing dramatically and quickly, and while it is unclear how long the current crisis will persist, it appears clear that things are unlikely to return to the way they were before. The report has attempted to capture some of the recent developments while acknowledging that the future is uncertain. Subsequent research will need to reflect on how the current storm has been weathered and to what effect. Still this report provides a baseline against which such research can be compared. This report is part of a larger research project that looks at RLIs across the Asian region. It follows reports published on the work of RLIs in Indonesia and Bangladesh.2 The research project explores the ways in which RLIs support and engage with their communities and other stakeholders, as well as the barriers that they face when conducting their work. The report draws on online surveys and key informant interviews with a range of individuals that have personal experience working as a part of RLIs in Thailand.